Kulephera kwa mapaipi a konkriti operekera mapaipi kumapeto kwa zida ndi mapaipi

Cholinga

Chenjezo lachitetezo ichi likuwonetsa chiwopsezo cha kulephera kwa mizere yoperekera pampu ya konkriti kuphatikiza kulephera kwa zida zomaliza.

Mabizinesi omwe ali ndi zida zofananira ndi mapaipi ndi mapaipi operekera konkriti amayenera kutsatira ndikulemba zaukadaulo wamaluso ndikupereka chidziwitso cha njira zoyendera kwa makasitomala.

Eni mapaipi a konkire ayenera kupeza chidziwitso kuchokera kwa ogulitsa mapaipi ndi mapaipi okhudza njira zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso njira zoyenera zoyendera.

Mbiri

Pakhala zikuchitika ku Queensland komwe mizere yobweretsera yalephera ndikupopera konkire mopanikizika.

Zolephera zinaphatikizapo:

• kulephera kwa payipi yoperekera rabara
• kusweka kwa tsinde limodzi ndi mapeto ake kusweka (onani chithunzi 1)
• kumaliza koyenera kuyamba kupatukana ndi payipi ya rabara (onani chithunzi 2) ndi kupopera konkriti kunja kwa kusiyana.
• flange kusweka ndi kusweka kutali ndi chitsulo 90-degree, 6-inchi kuti 5-inchi reducer bend, yomwe ili pa hopper (onani zithunzi 3 ndi 4).

Kuthamanga kwa konkriti kumatha kupitilira mipiringidzo 85, makamaka zikatsekeka.Zochitika zonsezi zinali ndi mwayi wovulala kwambiri ngati ogwira ntchito anali pafupi ndi kumene kulephera kunachitika.Pa chochitika china, galasi lakutsogolo la galimoto linathyoledwa pafupifupi mamita 15.

Wosweka ndi kulephera mbali ya payipi tsinde

Kumapeto kokwanira komwe kwasiyanitsidwa ndi payipi

Flange yolephera pa bend yochepetsera chitsulo

Zomwe zikuthandizira

Ma hoses ndi zomangira zomaliza zimatha kulephera chifukwa cha:

• kupanikizika kwa pampu ya konkire yoposa ya payipi ya rabara kapena zopangira mapeto
• kulolerana kolakwika mkati ndi kunja kwa kugwirizana
• kachitidwe ka kugwedeza kapena crimping sikugwirizana ndi zomwe wopanga amapanga
• zolakwika za paipi ya rabara
• kuvala mopitirira muyeso-makamaka pa gawo lamkati la koyenera kuchokera ku kuyenda kwa konkriti.

Flanges pa mapaipi achitsulo amatha kulephera chifukwa cha:

• kuwotcherera molakwika chifukwa cha maelekitirodi olakwika, kukonzekera kolakwika, kusowa kwa malowedwe, kapena zolakwika zina zowotcherera
• flanges ndi mapaipi opangidwa kuchokera kumitundu yachitsulo yomwe imakhala yovuta kuwotcherera
• kusagwirizana bwino kwa flanges ndi mapaipi (ie flange sikwanira bwino kumapeto kwa chitoliro)
• kusagwira bwino chitoliro cha flange (mwachitsanzo, kumenya chitoliro kapena chitoliro ndi nyundo pamene chitoliro choyandikana ndi/kapena payipi sichikugwirizana)
• zipika zapaipi zosakwanira bwino (monga kukula kolakwika, kumanga konkire).

Pakufunika kuchitapo kanthu

Eni mapampu a konkriti

Eni mapampu a konkriti akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu ya pampu ya konkriti sidutsa papaipi.Mwachitsanzo, ngati pampu idavoteredwa pa 85 Bar konkire kuthamanga ndiye kuti sizovomerezeka kuti payipi yachitsulo ilowe m'malo ndi payipi ya rabara yokhala ndi 45 Bar.Eni ake akuyeneranso kuchitapo kanthu kuti awonetsetse kuti pulogalamu yotsimikizira zabwino ikutsatiridwa ndikumangirira zomaliza kuti kulephera kwa zomangira kupewedwe.Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kupeza ziphaso kuchokera kwa ogulitsa wamba pogula zida.

Ngati mwini pampu wa konkriti amatumiza zinthu kuchokera kutsidya kwa nyanja, zitha kukhala zovuta kupeza chidziwitso chodalirika pakupanga.Izi ndizochitika pamene wogulitsa kunja sakudziwika kapena palibe chizindikiro cha wopanga.Opanga zinthu mosasamala amadziwikanso kuti amakopera mayina ndi zizindikiro za opanga, choncho kuika chizindikiro pachokha sikungapereke umboni wokwanira wakuti chinthucho n’choyenera kuchita.

Mwini mpope wa konkriti yemwe amatumiza zida kuchokera kutsidya kwa nyanja amatenga ntchito za olowetsa pansi paWork Health and Safety Act 2011(WHS Act).Wotumiza kunja ayenera kuchita, kapena kukonza kuti awerenge, kusanthula, kuyesa, kapena kuyesa zida kuti athe kuwongolera zoopsa zachitetezo.

Opereka mapaipi ndi mapaipi

Otsatsa ma hose ndi mapaipi okhala ndi zotsekera kumapeto ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti pulogalamu yotsimikizira zabwino imatsatiridwa ndikumangirira zomaliza komanso kuti zambiri za pulogalamuyi zikupezeka kwa wogula.

Ogulitsa ayeneranso kupereka malangizo olembedwa pa magawo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawo pamodzi ndi njira zoyendera zomwe zigwiritsidwe ntchito.

Ngati wogulitsa amangirira zotsekera ku mapaipi kapena mapaipi, wogulitsa amatenga ntchito za opanga pansi pa WHS Act kuphatikiza pa ntchito za ogulitsa.

Kuyika zitsulo kumapeto kwa hoses

Zopangira zomata zimamangiriridwa ku hose za rabara pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri, crimping ndi swaging.Ndi njira ya crimping, mphamvu zopondereza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mozungulira mbali yakunja (ferrule) ya mapeto oyenerera ndi tsinde lamkati lomwe limayikidwa mkati mwa mapeto a payipi.Kuyika kocheperako kumatha kuzindikirika bwino ndi ma indentation owonekera kunja kwa koyenera komaliza (onani chithunzi 5).Ndi njira yogwedeza, mapeto ake amamangiriridwa ku payipi pamene mapeto amakankhidwira kumapeto kwa payipi pansi pa hydraulic pressure.Ngakhale padzakhala zolembera kumapeto koyenera kuchokera pakupanga, zomangira zomangika sizikhala ndi zodziwikiratu ngati zotsekera kumapeto.Chithunzi 2 ndi chitsanzo cha malekezero oyenera omwe amasiyanitsidwa pang'ono ndi payipi.

Ngakhale crimping ndi swaging ndizosiyana kwambiri, njira zonsezi zimadalira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zamtundu wa kulolerana koyenera komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti njira yolimba yolumikizira kumapeto ikutsatiridwa.

Opanga payipi nthawi zambiri amangotsimikizira kuti payipi yawo imatha kupirira zovuta za konkriti pomwe malekezero apamwamba a payipi ayikidwa.Ena opanga payipi amagwira ntchito pansi pa lingaliro la aofanana awirikumene amangotsimikizira payipi yawo kuti ikhale yopanikizika kwambiri, pamene zopangira mapeto kuchokera kwa wopanga wina pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsimikizirika ya crimping kapena swaging imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mukasonkhanitsa zomaliza pa hoses onetsetsani:

• kutsatira zonse zomwe zanenedwa ndi payipi ndi/kapena wopanga zomaliza
• payipi zakuthupi ndi miyeso ndi yoyenera kupopera konkriti komanso kukwanira kwa mtundu wina wakumapeto
• kukula kwa mbali zakunja ndi zamkati za cholumikizira kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa kulolera komwe kumanenedwa ndi wopanga payipi kapena wopanga payipi pamiyeso ya payipi yogwiritsidwa ntchito.
• njira yophatikizira kumapeto koyenera iyenera kutsata zomwe wopanga amapanga (chidziwitso chochokera kwa wopanga payipi chingafunikirenso).

Kuyesa koyenera komaliza ndi njira imodzi yothandizira kuwonetsa kukhulupirika kwa kulumikizana.Kuyesa kwaumboni pazowonjezera zonse kapena kuyesa kowononga kwa zitsanzo ndi njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.Ngati kuyesedwa kwaumboni kukuchitika, njira yoyesera iyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti payipiyo siwonongeka.

Kutsatira kumangiriza kokwanira komaliza ku payipi, koyenera kuyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha nambala ya batch ndi chizindikiritso cha kampani yomwe ikulumikiza kumapeto kwake.Izi zidzathandiza kutsata ndi kutsimikizika kwa ndondomeko ya msonkhano.Njira yolembera sikuyenera kusokoneza kukhulupirika kwa msonkhano wa payipi.

Ngati pali chikaiko pa njira zopangira kapena kuyezetsa kokhudzana ndi komaliza, upangiri wa wopanga zida zoyambira (OEM) uyenera kupezedwa.Ngati izi sizikupezeka, upangiri wa mainjiniya woyenerera uyenera kuperekedwa.

Zomwe zalembedwa panjira yophatikizira zomaliza ziyenera kusungidwa ndi bizinesi yomwe ikuphatikiza zomaliza ndipo ziyenera kupezeka mukapempha.

Kuwotcherera ma flanges ku chitoliro chachitsulo

Kuwotcherera ma flanges ku mapaipi achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera konkire ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafunikira luso laukadaulo komanso luso kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuwotcherera kumabweretsa chinthu chabwino.

Izi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa:

• Chitoliro chokhacho chomwe chimapangidwira kupopera konkire chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Asanayambe kuwotcherera, payenera kukhala njira yodalirika yotsimikizira kuti chitoliro ndi flanges ndi mtundu weniweni womwe walamulidwa.
• The kuwotcherera specifications kuti n'zogwirizana ndi chitoliro ndi flange zinthu zakuthupi makhalidwe ndi kuthamanga specifications chitoliro kuti welded.Chidziwitso chiyenera kupezeka kwa wopanga chitoliro pankhaniyi.
• Kuwotcherera kuyenera kukhala motsatira ndondomeko yowotcherera yomwe imaphatikizapo kusankha ma elekitirodi, malangizo otenthetsera chisanadze (pamene pakufunika) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowotcherera yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga chitoliro.
• Kuyesa zowononga pachitsanzo choyesa kutsimikizira njira yowotcherera ndiyoyenera kuchita.

Kuyendera mapaipi ndi mapaipi

Eni ake ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zida zopopera konkriti ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kuwunika kwa mapaipi ndi mapaipi kumachitika.Njira zowunikira komanso nthawi zoyezera makulidwe a chitoliro zafotokozedwa muKhodi Yopopa Konkire ya 2019(PDF, 1.97 MB).Komabe, kuonjezera apo, pulogalamu yowunikira iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa zida za rabara ndi ma flanges pamapaipi achitsulo.

Kuyendera ma hoses

Zambiri zolembedwa pakuwunika kwa mapaipi (ie kuchokera ku OEM), ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi bizinesi yomwe ikukwanira kumapeto ndipo izi ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi wopereka payipi kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.

Pulogalamu yoyendera iyenera kukhala ndi kuyendera musanagwiritse ntchito komanso kuyendera nthawi ndi nthawi potengera kuchuluka kwa ntchito komanso malo ogwirira ntchito.

Pulogalamu yowunikira iyenera kuphatikizapo:

• kuunika kwamkati kokhala ndi milingo yokwanira yowunikira machubu a payipi ndi makulidwe oyenera, palibe nsalu kapena chitsulo chowonjezera chowonekera, palibe zotchinga, zong'ambika, zodulidwa kapena misozi ya liner chubu, ndipo palibe zigawo zakugwa za chubu chamkati. kapena hose
• kuyang'ana kunja kuyang'ana kuwonongeka kwa chivundikiro kuphatikizapo mabala, misozi, abrasion kuwonetsa zinthu zomwe zimalimbitsa, kuwononga mankhwala, kinks kapena malo ogwa, malo ofewa, ming'alu kapena nyengo.
• kuyang'anira zopangira kumapeto kwa kuvala kwambiri ndi kupatulira kwa khoma
• kuyang'ana kowoneka komaliza kwa ming'alu.Ngati pali kukayikira kulikonse kapena pali mbiri yosweka, kuyezetsa kosawononga kungafunike
• kuyang'ana zomangira zakumapeto zili bwino ndipo sizikutsika papaipi chifukwa cha ukalamba kapena kukoka katundu wamakina.

Kuyang'ana flanges welded pa zitsulo chitoliro

Kuphatikiza pa kuyezetsa makulidwe a payipi yachitsulo (yotchulidwa mu Code of practice) ndikuyang'ana payipi kuti iwonongeke, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ma flanges pa chitoliro chopopera konkriti.

Pulogalamu yowunikira iyenera kuphatikizapo kuyang'anira:

• kuwotcherera kwa ming'alu, kusowa weld, weld undercut ndi weld kugwirizana
• ma flanges kuti muwone ngati alibe opunduka komanso alibe nyundo
• chitoliro chimathera mkati chifukwa cha kuvala kosagwirizana ndi kusweka
• flanges kuonetsetsa kuti alibe konkriti kumanga ndi zinthu zina zakunja.